A. Holliday & Company Wholesale Tea & Coffee Supplier & Importer

Mexico

The location of coffee growing areas in Mexico are: Chiapas, Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Nayarit, San Luis Potosi, Colima, Jalisco, Tabasco and Queretaro. The total amount of instant coffee produced in Mexico is approximately 20,000 metric tons per year. The soluble coffee process consists of several stages: reception of the green coffee, roasting, extraction, centrifuge and vaporization and finally drying and packing in bulk or detail.

Colombia

– The total amount of Colombian Instant Coffee produced per season 20 000 Tons / year

– Type of flavours: 100% Colombian Coffee (Arabica Coffee)

– How much Colombian Instant Coffee is exported per year? 1.4684 tons / year

– How many hectares of coffee plantations are there in Colombia? 800 000 hectares (cultivated by 540.000 families)

– When is the picking season? October-December 70% of the crop. March-May 30% of the crop.

Brazil

Brazil is by far the largest producer of coffee in the world and the second largest consumer of coffee. The coffee areas are mainly in the states of Minas Gerais (which accounts for more than 45% of the area), Espirito Santo (10%), Sao Paulo (10%), Rondonia (8%), Parana (6%), Bahia (4%) and other states in Brazil. The Arabica production is concentrated in the states of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo and Parana and the Robusta production in the states of Espirito Santo and Rondonia.

Brazil has been expanding it’s activities in the foreign markets with a total exports of 55.200 tons from January to September, an increase of almost 17% over last year’s performance. In the year 2003 Brazil has exported 66.000 tons, equivalent to 2,850 million bags of green coffee. In the year 2002, Brazil has exported 59.300 tons, equivalent to 2,570 million bags of green coffee. Brazil also consumes around 10 tons per year.

Brazil offers a wide range of instant coffee products, being able to produce any desired taste since all types of coffees that are produced in the world can be found in Brazil. The technology used in the 9 instant coffee plants that are in operation in Brazil are up to date with the most modern technologies available in the world.

The production of instant coffee is performed by the dehydration of the liquid coffee made through two process: spray-dried, where you spray the coffee liquid in a tower exposing the liquid to hot air, and freeze-dried, where the liquid coffee is frozen and the ice is sublimated in a tunnel at very low pressure.

There are 2.400.650 hectares of coffee plantations with 5.457.620 million trees in Brazil. Picking season starts in April with the beginning of the Robusta crop and lasts until the end of September when the Arabica crop planting finishes.

Argentina

Argentina is fairly new to the tea world as a producer. Tea was first planted in Argentina shortly after WWI, but the tea producers did not begin exporting any great quantities until the 1950’s. There are two tea growing areas in Argentina, North Corrientes (about 6% of production) and Misiones (about 94% of production). The amount of tea produced by Argentina is impressive, nearly 50,000 tonnes of tea is produced per season.

Teas from Argentina tend to have more neutral flavours which are good for blending. The majority of the harvest finds its way into the iced teas of North America. Argentinian tea has the unusual property of remaining clear when poured over ice. Most teas become cloudy when subjected to the shock of ice. Harvesting is completely mechanised. The harvesters straddle the tea bushes and mow the tips as they advance down the rows.

• Argentina produces 2% of the world’s tea production.
• Argentina exports 49,794 metric tons of tea each year (this includes green tea)
• There are 39,000 hectares of tea plantations in Argentina
• The annual precipitation (rainfall) is 93.98 cm
• All figures are based on 2000 data
• The picking season lasts from October to April

Zimbabwe

Tea was first grown commercially in Zimbabwe in 1924 on the New Year’s Gift Estate from seeds smuggled from India. The growing of tea did not really become established until the 1960s. Today, the two main tea growing areas are Chipinge and Honde Valley.

Zimbabwe has an average annual rainfall of not more than 65 cm per annum, as opposed to the 125 cm per annum usually required for commercial growing of tea. Tea growing on a commercial basis could only begin after the establishment of irrigated tea estates. Today, tea is a “controlled” commodity in Zimbabwe so that its quality and industry growth are protected.

The majority of tea produced in Zimbabwe is sold for the UK tea bag market.

• Zimbabwe produces 0.8% of the world’s tea production
• Zimbabwe exports 16,917 metric tons of tea each year
• There are 6,824 hectares of tea plantations in Zimbabwe
• The annual precipitation (rainfall) is 83.82 cm
• All figures are based on 2000 data
• The picking season is during the summer months only as the winters are too cold

Malawi

Malawi is the pioneer of tea growing in Africa, with production first starting commercially in the 1880s near the town of Mulanje.

Malawi exports over 38,000 tonnes of tea per annum. It has a 1.4% share of world exports and is mainly responsible for the spread of tea cultivation in Africa. Teas are exported to Europe where many of the famous blends are produced. Ireland is one of the major importers of African teas.

The main tea growing area of Malawi is in the Mulanje District. Growing regions are located mainly far south in Thyolo, Malange and Shire Highlands’.

• Malawi produces 1.4% of the world’s tea production.
• Malawi exports 38,436 metric tons of tea each year.
• There are 18,782 hectares of tea plantations in Malawi.
• The annual precipitation (rainfall) is 91.44 cm.
• The main picking season is from October to April.
• All figures are based on 2000 data.

Kenya

Kenya’s equatorial climate allows tea growing all year round. The teas are very bright, colourful, with a reddish coppery tint and a pleasant brisk flavour. Kenya speciality tea is ideal as a drink for any time of day. It is also blended into many famous British brands.

Kenya is one of the oldest of the African producers. The first tea bushes were planted in Limuru in 1903, when tea seeds from India were first planted on a two acre farm. Today, Kenya has over 122,000 hectares under cultivation by smallholders (sham bas), under the protection of the Kenya Tea Development Authority, and tea producing companies in the public and private sector. Kenya exports almost 217,000 tonnes of tea per year. or 8% of world exports, making Kenya the biggest exporter alongside Sri Lanka. One half of all tea imported into the UK comes from Kenya.

The main tea growing areas are located the Great Rift Valley in the Kenya Highlands. One of the most well-known tea gardens. Marinyn produces a high quality leaf tea similar to Assam.

• Kenya produces 8% of the world’s tea production
• Kenya exports 216.990 metric tons of tea each year
• There are 122,236 hectares of tea plantations in Kenya
• The annual precipitation (rainfall) is 99.06 cm
• All figures are based on 2000 data
• The picking season is January, February and July

Turkey

Tea (cay) drinking became popular in Turkey in the 1920’s when the Ottoman Empire collapsed and coffee became very expensive. Cay is served everywhere in tiny gold-rimmed, tulip-shaped glasses accompanied by two or three lumps of sugar. It is common to be offered tea in shops and considered polite to accept a second glass.

Almost all Turkey’s tea production takes place in the north west of the country in the area around Rize. The city of Rize is built on a mountain slope on the edge of the Black Sea. The slope is covered with tea bushes and produces the best Turkish tea.

The main tea growing area is Rize, located 75km east of Trabzon which is one of the smallest provinces of Turkey but one of the most important since it is the tea industry centre. The city is built on a mountain slope covered with tea bushes. During the summer Tea Festival you can purchase the best blend of Turkish tea.

• Turkey produces 5.78% of world tea production
• Turkey has produced tea since at least 1939
• Turkey exports 4522 tonnes of tea annually
• The annual precipitation (rainfall) is 37.34 em
• The picking season is from May to October

China

According to Chinese mythology, in 2737 BC the Chinese Emperor, Shen Nung, scholar and herbalist, was sitting beneath a tree while his servant boiled drinking water. A leaf from the tree dropped into the water and Shen Nung decided to try the brew. The tree was a wild tea tree.

For hundreds of years China produced the only teas known in the Western world. It still accounts for 23% of world exports. China produces black teas and five other main types for which the country is famous: Green, Golong, White, Flavoured and Compressed teas. Most teas from China are not easy to find apart from Lapsang Souchong, Gunpowder and Keemun.

Tea is grown in 18 regions of China, the most significant are the south Eastern region, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian and Hainan.

• China produces 23.3% of the world’s tea production
• China exports 227,661 metric tons of tea each year (this includes green, oolong and jasmine tea)
• There are 1,089,000 hectares of tea plantations in China
• The annual precipitation (rainfall) is 63.25 cm
• All figures are based on 2000 data
• The picking season is from March to November

India

India is the world’s largest producer of tea, with more than 13,000 gardens. India exports more than 28% of the world’s tea with over 480,000 hectares under cultivation. The first commercially produced teas were raised from seeds brought from China. By the 1840s, India was producing regular shipments for sale at auction in London, and gradually the planting of estates grew throughout the country from Nilgiri in the south to Darjeeling in the north.

The plantations range from low-grown areas (sea level up to 610 m) to high grown (more than 1,220 m high). Generally plucked from March to October, each area produces teas of distinctive character.

Nearly 30% of the world’s tea is produced here in three main areas: Assam, Darjeeling and Nilgiri. Other growing regions include Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Negaland, Manipur, Orissa, Dooars, Terai, Kangra, Dehradoon, Tami Nadu, Karela, Karnataka

• India exports 204,353 metric tons of tea each year (this includes green tea)
• The annual precipitation (rainfall) is 66.04 cm
• All figures are based on 2000 data
• The three main tea growing areas of India are, Darjeeling, Assam and Nilgiri

The picking season for Assam tea begins in March, when the tea plants come to life and lasts until mid-December. The tea plants are dormant from mid-December until March. The first flush is late March to June and the second flush from June to August. The flavours of Darjeeling tea differs from season to season. According to the plucking period.

The seasons are:
First flush (Easter flush) from late February to mid-April;
Second flush (Spring) from May to June,
Summer flush from July to September,
Autumn flush from October to November.

Nilgiri, is a very warm and fertile region, capable of producing teas all year round. The first flushes are picked from April until May, and account for 25% of the region’s total harvest. The second flushes, 40% of the region’s total harvest, are picked from September until December. The regions best teas are third flushes, harvested during December and January. The teas from August are also very good.

Sri Lanka

Tea growing accounts for about 12% of the land use, and provides 280,133 tonnes of the world’s exported tea. This is 10.4% of the world’s total tea. The Sri Lankan tea industry is the country’s largest employer providing jobs directly and indirectly to over a million people. Direct jobs are picking and processing whereas indirect jobs include transporting, packing and administration.

In 1972, the island then known as Ceylon reverted to the traditional name of Sri Lanka, but kept the name of Ceylon for the marketing of teas as the tea of Ceylon was enjoyed by so many.

Tea from Sri Lanka falls into three categories:

• low-grown (on estates up to 610 m high)
• medium grown (between 610 m and 1,220 m high)
• high grown (over 1,220 m)

Each level produces teas of unique character. By blending teas from different areas of the island, Sri Lanka can offer a very wide range of flavour and colour.

The main tea growing areas of Sri Lanka are Dimbula (west of the mountains), Uva (east of Dimbula) and Nuwara Eliya (the highest area(. The picking seasons are January/February for the western slopes and August/September for the eastern slopes.

• Sri Lanka produces 10.4% of the world’s tea production
• Sri Lanka exports 280,133 metric tons of tea each year (this includes green tea)
• There are 188,971 hectares of tea plantations in Sri Lanka (these are the registered areas, there maybe more)
• The annual precipitation (rainfall) is 242.32cm
• All figures are based on 2000 data

Indonesia

Tea has been part of the way of life in Indonesia for more than 200 years, The tea trade was founded by the Dutch in the 1700’s. The Indonesian tea industry was effectively destroyed by World War II and it took many years before the plantations recovered. It was not until 1984, backed by the newly-formed Tea Board of Indonesia that a program for the introduction of improved tea varieties was started.

By 1984, after a lot of hard work and investment, tea exports from Indonesia began to make their mark on the tea market. Since that time, improvement in tea production and replanting of old estates has continued, with the factories investing in new machinery.

Indonesia now produces approximately 5.4% of world tea exports. Java and Sumatra are the main growing areas. All teas from Indonesia are light, flavourful, and bright in colour. They are mostly sold for blending but they are now producing their own speciality tea.

• The two main tea growing areas of Indonesia are Java and Sumatra.
• Indonesia produces 5.4% of the world’s tea production.
• Indonesia exports 105,581 metric tons of tea each year.
• There are 157,488 hectares of tea plantations in Indonesia
• The annual precipitation (rainfall) is 180.34 em.
• All figures are based on 2000 data.
• The picking season in Indonesia is all-year-round, but best in August and September.

Japan

Tea has been grown and drunk in Japan for hundreds of years. Though everyone agrees that tea came from China, some say it was brought from there by a monk called Dengyo Daishi in the 9th Century. Others claim it was introduced by a Buddhist monk, called Eisai who planted seeds he brought from China in 1191.

Eventually plantations were established at Asahi, Kambayashi, Kyogoku, Yamana, Umoji and among the fertile soils of Uji. This region still today produces the finest Japanese tea.

From the 1890s onwards, Japan established tea associations to control the quality of Japanese tea. Only members of tea associations could buy and sell tea and you could be arrested for producing inferior tea.

Early season Sencha, the new season tea or shin cha, are generally regarded as the best of the year’s crop, and different regions compete on quality and seasonal availability. The main tea growing areas are Shikoku, Kyushu, the Southern half of Honshu, Kagoshima, Nara, Kyoto, Saga, Fukuoka

• Japan produces just over 3% of world tea production. Japan exports 704 tonnes each year.
• The annual precipitation (rainfall) is 140.46 em.
• The picking season runs from April to July. Harvesting starts in April. The hand- or scissor-plucked leaves are transported to factories for processing.